Compute Institute
Ratings for the physical buildout of AI

Jurisdiction Index / US — Maryland (BGE / Pepco / Delmarva Power / Potomac Edison — PJM)

US — Maryland (BGE / Pepco / Delmarva Power / Potomac Edison — PJM)

Tier 4 · Constrained
Negative
Rank #39 of 39
Data confidence A
35.3 /100

JCI composite · as of · methodology v0

US — Maryland (BGE / Pepco / Delmarva Power / Potomac Edison — PJM) scores 35.3/100 on the Compute Institute Jurisdiction Competitiveness Index (Tier 4, Constrained), ranking #39 of 39 rated jurisdictions with a negative outlook, as of September 7, 2026 under methodology v0. Its strongest dimension is Stability & Execution Risk at 7/10; its weakest is Power Cost at 1.8/10. 20 of 22 sub-factors are scored on E1–E2 evidence (data confidence A). The negative outlook is driven by 2 forward-looking signals (-0.81 net points, E3–E4 evidence): committed capital (E3) and ecosystem (E4).

Dimension breakdown

Seven dimensions, each 0–10, weighted per methodology v0. JCI = Σ(dimension × weight) × 10.

Power Availability & Deliverability

2.9 /10 weight 20%

Power Cost

1.8 /10 weight 12.5%

Speed to Build

2.7 /10 weight 17.5%

Regulatory & AI Policy Environment

3.4 /10 weight 12.5%

Fiscal & Incentives

5.4 /10 weight 10%

Capital & Ecosystem Depth

2 /10 weight 12.5%

Stability & Execution Risk

7 /10 weight 15%

Outlook drivers — Negative (-0.81 net points)

Forward-looking E3–E4 signals. They move the outlook only — never the base score.

  • Committed capital
    E3
    -1.00 pts as of
    “LOW CONFIDENCE - our tracked-campus history for Maryland is thin and got thinner in 2026. The largest verifiable commitment remains Rowan Digital Infrastructure's Maryland hyperscale campus: $975 million of construction financing for phase 1 (announced January 16, 2025) and $1.24 billion for phase 2 (February 25, 2025), roughly $2.2 billion of committed project debt concentrated in one developer and one site. Against that, Amazon Web Services abandoned its proposed 2.4 million square foot multi-campus development at the Calvert Cliffs nuclear plant on August 4, 2026 - the state's largest prospective hyperscale anchor and its only credible second cluster - weeks after the June 2026 county primary turned on data centers. Maryland's committed capital is one project deep, and the marginal entrant has exited.”

    Source: WTOP News, 'Amazon abandons plans for data center campus at Md.'s Calvert Cliffs nuclear plant' (Aug 4, 2026); corroborated by Baltimore Sun (Aug 5, 2026) and Maryland Daily Record (Aug 5, 2026) (wtop.com)

  • Ecosystem
    E4
    +0.19 pts as of
    “DEVELOPER-SUPPLIED FIGURES (sponsored content, not independently verified): the Quantum Frederick site is marketed as a 2,100+ acre assemblage with a 600+ acre nature reserve, served by the QLoop ~40-mile fiber ring carrying over 235,000 strands across a ~3.5 square-mile development site and placing Frederick County 'less than a millisecond' from the Ashburn ecosystem. Adjacency to the world's densest interconnection market is Maryland's real ecosystem asset; the specific strand and latency counts come from the developer's own marketing.”

    Source: Data Center Frontier (sponsored/advertorial article), 'Why Maryland for Data Center Development?' (www.datacenterfrontier.com)

Sub-factor scores and sources

Every base-scored input below carries E1–E2 evidence: a justification, an evidence-level grade, and a link to the underlying source document.

Power Availability & Deliverability — 2.9/10 (weight 20%)

Sub-factor
Score
Justification
Evidence
Source
Grid headroom 40% of dimension 2.5 /10 PJM's 2026 Load Forecast Report lists BGE and PEPCO — the two zones covering most of Maryland's load — among the twelve zones whose forecasts had to be adjusted upward for 'growth in data center load', against an RTO summer peak forecast of 222,106 MW in 2036 (a 10-year increase... as of
E1
PJM Interconnection, 2026 PJM Load Forecast Report (posted Jan 14, 2026), Resource Adequacy Planning Dept. www.pjm.com
Time-to-power 35% of dimension 2 /10 Talen, PJM, the Maryland PSC, Maryland utilities and the Sierra Club settled a reliability-must-run agreement holding Brandon Shores and H.A. Wagner past their May 31, 2025 retirement dates until May 31, 2029 — at $312/MW-day ($145M/yr) and $137/MW-day ($35M/yr) respectively — ex... as of
E2
Talen Energy Corporation press release, 'Talen Energy, Other Parties Reach Reliability Must Run Settlement Agreement for Brandon Shores and H.A. Wagner Power Plants' (Jan 27, 2025) www.globenewswire.com
Energy mix & expandability 15% of dimension 4.5 /10 The Next Generation Energy Act of 2025 opened a solicitation (Oct 1-31, 2025) letting selected projects use an expedited CPCN decided within 295 days instead of the standard track, covering dispatchable generation with an ELCC rating of at least 65% that emits fewer greenhouse ga... as of
E1
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Maryland Electricity Profile 2024 (secondary source; retain the Maryland PSC release for the solicitation terms) www.eia.gov
Water availability 10% of dimension 5 /10 ICPRB reports data centers currently draw about 4 MGD average and 15 MGD peak inside the Washington Metropolitan Area (2025) — 1% of total withdrawals but 9% of annual consumptive use and up to 12% in summer — with under 0.1 MGD average upstream, and projects WMA data center dema... as of
E2
Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin (ICPRB), 'Data Centers and Water Use in the Potomac River Basin' www.potomacriver.org

Power Cost — 1.8/10 (weight 12.5%)

Sub-factor
Score
Justification
Evidence
Source
Industrial electricity price 60% of dimension 1.5 /10 EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B puts Maryland's average industrial retail price at 15.10 cents/kWh year-to-date through June 2026, against a U.S. total of 8.89 cents and neighbouring Virginia at 10.08 cents — Maryland industrial power costs roughly 70% more than the nation... as of
E1
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Monthly, Table 5.6.B — Average Price of Electricity to Ultimate Customers by End-Use Sector, by State (YTD through June 2026) www.eia.gov
Price trajectory & exposure 25% of dimension 1.5 /10 The same EIA table shows Maryland industrial prices moved from 11.99 cents/kWh (YTD June 2025) to 15.10 cents/kWh (YTD June 2026) — a 25.9% rise in twelve months — while the U.S. industrial average rose only from 8.38 to 8.89 cents (6.1%). Maryland is absorbing PJM capacity and t... as of
E1
U.S. Energy Information Administration, Electric Power Monthly, Table 5.6.B — Average Price of Electricity to Ultimate Customers by End-Use Sector, by State (YTD through June 2026) www.eia.gov
Cost certainty / contractability 15% of dimension 3.5 /10 Chapter 625 of 2025 (SB 937, Next Generation Energy Act) required every investor-owned electric company and every electric cooperative to submit a specific large load rate schedule to the PSC for approval on or before September 1, 2026. The statute does not itself dictate the ter... as of
E1
Maryland Laws of 2025, Chapter 625 (Senate Bill 937), Next Generation Energy Act - enrolled chapter law, Sec. 4-212(c)-(e) (same URL as dossier; text extracted locally with pdftotext, the fetch summarizer cannot parse this PDF) mgaleg.maryland.gov

Speed to Build — 2.7/10 (weight 17.5%)

Sub-factor
Score
Justification
Evidence
Source
Permitting regime 40% of dimension 1.5 /10 On July 28, 2026 the Montgomery County Council passed Expedited Bill 19-26, an 18-month moratorium barring the Department of Permitting Services from issuing any data center permit - reaching applications filed before or after the effective date, pending regulatory review, or app... as of
E1
Calvert County, MD (official), 'Calvert County Commissioners Enact Six-Month Data Center Moratorium' (Aug 18, 2026); with Frederick County executive order of July 1, 2026 (frederickcountymd.gov CivicAlerts AID=5845) and the existing Montgomery County release www.calvertcountymd.gov
Observed construction velocity 35% of dimension 2 /10 LOW CONFIDENCE - Maryland has no completed hyperscale campus to measure against. The only in-flight benchmark is Rowan Digital Infrastructure's Maryland campus, financed at $975 million for phase 1 (announced January 16, 2025, 'phase one construction is well underway') and $1.24... as of
E1
Frederick County, MD (official), 'County Announces Pause on New Data Center Development Following Maryland Supreme Court Decision' - executive order signed July 1, 2026 www.frederickcountymd.gov
Labor & supply capacity 25% of dimension 5.5 /10 BLS state employment data for July 2026 (preliminary) shows Maryland with 165.7 thousand construction jobs out of 2,815.9 thousand total nonfarm employment and a 4.2% unemployment rate, with construction up only 0.9% over twelve months against 0.0% total nonfarm growth. A sizeabl... as of
E1
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Economy at a Glance — Maryland (July 2026, preliminary) www.bls.gov

Regulatory & AI Policy Environment — 3.4/10 (weight 12.5%)

Sub-factor
Score
Justification
Evidence
Source
AI-specific law in force 35% of dimension 6 /10 Maryland's enacted AI statutes govern the state's own use of AI and narrow sectors, not compute or model development: the Artificial Intelligence Governance Act of 2024 (SB 818, Ch. 496) makes state units inventory AI systems and creates the Governor's AI Subcabinet, joined by th... as of
E1
State of Maryland, AI Maryland — Legislation (official state AI portal) ai.maryland.gov
DC-specific regulation 35% of dimension 2 /10 Chapter 353 of 2026 (HB 1532, Utility RELIEF Act) writes a dedicated 'Part III. Large Load Customers' into the Public Utilities Article: a large load customer is any commercial or industrial retail customer with aggregate monthly demand of at least 25 MW and a load factor above 6... as of
E1
Maryland Laws of 2026, Chapter 353 (House Bill 1532), Utility RELIEF Act — enrolled chapter law, §§ 7-232 to 7-234 mgaleg.maryland.gov
Regulatory predictability 30% of dimension 2 /10 Chapter 353's strike-and-insert text shows the large load threshold moved from '[at least 100 megawatts]' and '[load factor of over 80%]' to 25 megawatts and more than 60% — a four-fold tightening of who is captured, enacted May 12, 2026, roughly twelve months after Chapter 625 s... as of
E1
Maryland Laws of 2026, Chapter 353 (House Bill 1532), Utility RELIEF Act — enrolled chapter law, §§ 7-232 to 7-234 mgaleg.maryland.gov

Fiscal & Incentives — 5.4/10 (weight 10%)

Sub-factor
Score
Justification
Evidence
Source
Enacted incentives 40% of dimension 6.5 /10 Maryland's Data Center Sales and Use Tax Exemption gives a 10-consecutive-year exemption on qualified data center personal property, extendable to 20 years where the operator invests at least $250 million within the first 10 years; the entry bar is low — $2 million of qualified p... as of
E1
Maryland Department of Commerce — Data Center Maryland Sales and Use Tax Exemption Incentive Program commerce.maryland.gov
Headline tax burden 40% of dimension 4.5 /10 Maryland levies corporate income tax at 8.25% of net income allocable to Maryland and a 6% sales and use tax, with no state tax on business personal property — but most counties (all except Caroline, Dorchester, Frederick, Garrett, Kent, Queen Anne's and Talbot) tax depreciated b... as of
E1
Maryland Department of Commerce — Business Taxes commerce.maryland.gov
Incentive durability 20% of dimension 5 /10 The exemption rests on Chapter 640 (Senate Bill 397) and survived live repeal pressure in the 2026 session: HB 560, which would have repealed both the sales and use tax exemption and the county authorization to abate qualified data center personal property, received a February 12... as of
E1
Maryland General Assembly, HB 560 (2026 Regular Session) - Data Centers, Repeal of Tax Exemptions; first reading Ways and Means 1/28/2026, hearing 2/12/2026, no further action (retain the Commerce program page for the annual-renewal term) mgaleg.maryland.gov

Capital & Ecosystem Depth — 2/10 (weight 12.5%)

Sub-factor
Score
Justification
Evidence
Source
Committed capital 40% of dimension Excluded — no E1–E2 evidence available; weaker evidence cannot enter a base score.
Ecosystem 30% of dimension Excluded — no E1–E2 evidence available; weaker evidence cannot enter a base score.
Sovereign/anchor capital availability 30% of dimension 2 /10 There is no sovereign or state-balance-sheet anchor vehicle for compute or generation in Maryland, and the state says so explicitly: PSC Chair Frederick H. Hoover framed the Next Generation Energy Act solicitation as 'a pathway to encourage new generation development and improve... as of
E1
Maryland Public Service Commission, 'Maryland PSC Seeks Solicitations Under Next Generation Energy Act' (Sept 30, 2025) psc.maryland.gov

Stability & Execution Risk — 7/10 (weight 15%)

Sub-factor
Score
Justification
Evidence
Source
Political/policy continuity 40% of dimension 4.5 /10 Executive continuity is intact: official Maryland State Board of Elections statewide returns show Wes Moore and Aruna Miller taking the Democratic gubernatorial primary with 558,768 votes (88.26%) across all 1,979 election-day precincts ahead of the November 3, 2026 general elect... as of
E1
Maryland General Assembly, SB 116 (2025 Regular Session) - Data Center Impact Analysis; vetoed May 16, 2025, veto overridden December 16, 2025, enacted as Chapter 10 of the 2025 Special Session mgaleg.maryland.gov
Currency, transfer & convertibility 35% of dimension 9.5 /10 Maryland transacts in US dollars, which the BIS Triennial Central Bank Survey (April 2025) found on one side of 89.2% of all foreign exchange trades — up from 88.4% in 2022 — within $9.6 trillion of daily global FX turnover. There are no capital controls, repatriation limits or c... as of
E1
Bank for International Settlements, Triennial Central Bank Survey of Foreign Exchange — April 2025 www.bis.org
Physical & geopolitical risk 25% of dimension 7.5 /10 The Maryland Geological Survey finds the state's earthquake hazard 'is still low for the vast majority of the state', with only 7 of 105 grid sites exceeding the 1997 NEHRP 0.25g short-period threshold (maximum 0.28g), and only northeastern Maryland — Harford and Cecil Counties —... as of
E1
Maryland Geological Survey, Open File Report 99-03-01 — Earthquake Hazard Maps for Maryland www.mgs.md.gov

Signals

Recent ingested source documents linked to this jurisdiction via extracted claims or triage mentions, newest first.

  1. · pv magazine USA · relevance 0.40

  2. · Data Center Knowledge · relevance 0.70

  3. · POWER Magazine · relevance 0.75

  4. · Area Development — News · relevance 0.20

  5. · Google News Business · relevance 0.70

  6. · Canary Media · relevance 0.70

  7. · Data Center Dynamics · relevance 0.90

  8. · Renewable Energy World · relevance 0.65

  9. · Calvert County Government · relevance 0.70

  10. · Data Center Knowledge · relevance 0.70

Scores are reproducible from the frozen inputs snapshot recorded at computation time (2026-09-07T05:00:03+00:00). See the full methodology for rubrics, weights, and the evidence ladder.